阿原記事本-One Dollar's Notebook: 2025-05

有關阿原記事本

阿原，江易原，記下一些事情跟朋友們分享，也留下自己學習與成長的紀錄。教學課程請見 "阿原小站" 還有阿原開放式課程、阿原直播與教學影片、阿原生活影片、阿原創新顧問公司、阿原科幻小說-NC1543、教師教學社團：開源軟體與教學應用
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*本站累積不少教學與食品安全資料，請善用左上角的網頁搜尋功能，或是網頁右方文章分類整理。

2025/05/31

GFSI 2024 new released Benchmark ducuments

Readers please check this

https://mygfsi.com/news-and-resources/?_type=publications

PART I THE GFSI BENCHMARKING PROCESS HANDBOOK (45 pages)

PART II BENCHMARK REQUIREMENTS IMPLEMENTATION HANDBOOK (55 pages)

KEY CHANGES VERSION 2020.1 to VERSION 2024 (15 pages)

GFSI Benchmarking Requirements Version 2024 (a zip file with 23 pdf files)

202505 阿原人生首次購買紅色綁塑膠袋的尼龍繩圈...這個英文是什麼？各位知道中文嗎？--不知道正式名稱，依然可以使用

2025/05/25

2025/05/24

預計更換瓦斯爐 (檯面爐)

莊頭北檯面瓦斯爐

產品型號：TG-8001 說明書 (pdf)

產品型號：TG-8501G

產品型號：TG-8503BGB

瓦斯爐能源效率是什麼？耗能等級、推薦產品助你省荷包

2025/05/19

20250519 Statistics class assignment: Example 9.3.1 two samples t-test

Source:

9.3: Independent Samples for Two Means

Kathryn Kozak

Coconino Community College

Example 9.3.1 hypothesis test for two means

Calculated by using google sheet

Cholesterol Level of Heart Attack Patients	Cholesterol Level of Healthy Individual
270	196
236	232
210	200
142	242
280	206
272	178
160	184
220	198
226	160
242	182
186	182
266	198
206	182
318	238
294	198
282	188
234	166
224	204
276	182
282	178
360	212
310	164
280	230
278	186
288	162
288	182
244	218
236	170
	200
	176

Mean, x1-bar	Mean, x2-bar
253.9285714	193.1333333
s1: sample SD	s2: sample SD
47.71049156	22.30004381
n1	n2
28	30

-------------------------------

Using an online application:

Mann Whitney U test calculator (Wilcoxon rank-sum)

1. H₀ hypothesis
Since p-value < α, H₀ is rejected.
The randomly selected value of Group1's population is considered to be not equal to the randomly selected value of Group2's population.
In other words, the difference between the randomly selected value of Group1 and the Group2 populations is big enough to be statistically significant.

2. P-value
The p-value equals 0.000001057, ( p(x≤Z) = 1 ). It means that the chance of type I error (rejecting a correct H₀) is small: 0.000001057 (0.00011%).
The smaller the p-value the more it supports H₁.

3. The statistics
The test statistic Z equals 4.8808, which is not in the 99% region of acceptance: [-2.5758 : 2.5758].
U=734, is not in the 99% region of acceptance: [254.5507 : 585.4493].

4. Effect size
The observed standardized effect size, Z/√(n₁+n₂), is large (0.64). That indicates that the magnitude of the difference between the value from Group1 and the value from Group2 is large.
The observed common language effect size, U₁/(n₁n₂), is 0.87, this is the probability that a random value from Group1 is greater than a random value from Group2.
If you like the page, please share or like. Questions, comments and suggestions are appreciated. (statskingdom@gmail.com)

================================================

The same source

Example 9.3.3 hypothesis test for two means

Sodium in Beef Hotdogs	Sodium in Poultry Hotdogs
495	430
477	375
425	396
322	383
482	387
587	542
370	359
322	357
479	528
375	513
330	426
300	513
386	358
401	581
645	588
440	522
317	545
319	430
298	375
253	396

This time, we use

https://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/ttest2/

To run unpaired t-test

P value and statistical significance:

The two-tailed P value equals 0.1015
By conventional criteria, this difference is considered to be not statistically significant.

Confidence interval:

The mean of Group One minus Group Two equals -49.05
95% confidence interval of this difference: From -108.21 to 10.11

Intermediate values used in calculations:

t = 1.6783
df = 38
standard error of difference = 29.226

Review your data:

Group

Mean
SD
SEM
N

Group One

401.15
102.43
22.91
20

Group Two

450.20
81.18
18.15
20

-----------conclusion

p-value > alpha (fail to reject Ho)

In other words, there is no evidence to show that the sodium in beef hotdogs is less than poultry hotdogs

2025/05/10

20250516 TQF 台北 HACCP 進階班

11111111111111111111111111111111

20250510 今天才知道 YouTube 一個播放清單只能有 200 個影片

於是拆散到不同的播放清單---

2025/05/06

網路影片：拆大包裝的麵粉或米的技巧

YouTube

拆米袋或面粉袋封口线不用剪刀？教你一句口诀，一秒钟一拉到底

（大陸）

大包裝"編織袋"拆線教學

(台灣品牌米)

Facebook

#如何開麵粉袋

(台灣品牌麵粉)

CNS 967 食品罐頭檢驗法－總則 CNS 969 N6013 食品罐頭檢驗法－罐外觀檢查 FDA BAM Chapter 21A: Examination of Canned Foods

CNS 822 N5011
鳳梨罐頭 Canned pineapple
狀態：現行標準最新日期：101/07/02

CNS 827 Z5007
食品罐頭用圓形金屬空罐 Hermetically sealed round metal cans for food and drink
狀態：現行標準最新日期：103/10/02

CNS 967 N6011
食品罐頭檢驗法－總則 Method of Test for Canned Food-General Rules
狀態：現行標準最新日期：085/12/30

CNS 968 N6012
食品罐頭檢驗法–包裝檢查 Method of Test for Canned Food:Packaging Inspection
狀態：廢止廢止日期：086/02/03

CNS 969 N6013
食品罐頭檢驗法－罐外觀檢查-----可能是食品檢驗丙級的參考依據 Method of Test for Canned Food-Appearance of Can
狀態：現行標準最新日期：085/12/30----2050506 檢查，真的沒有更新的版本網路資料 CNS 969 罐頭外觀檢查.pdf

CNS 970 N6014
食品罐頭檢驗法－取樣 Method of Test for Canned Food-Sampling
狀態：現行標準最新日期：085/12/30

CNS 971 N6015
食品罐頭檢驗法－真空度之測定 Method of Test for Canned Food-Determimation for Degree of Vaccum
狀態：現行標準最新日期：085/12/30

CNS 973 N6017
食品罐頭檢驗法－罐內壁檢查 Method of Test for Canned Food-Inspection for Interior of Can
狀態：現行標準最新日期：085/12/30

CNS 974 N6018
食品罐頭檢驗法－裝量測定 Method of Test for Canned Food-Determination of Net Weight and Drain Weight
狀態：現行標準最新日期：085/12/30

CNS 975 N6019
食品罐頭檢驗法－填充汁之測定 Method of Test for Canned Food-Determination of Optional Ingredients
狀態：現行標準最新日期：085/12/30

CNS 978 N6022
食品罐頭檢驗法－風味之檢查 Method of Test for Canned Food-Inspection for Flavor and Odor
狀態：現行標準最新日期：085/12/30

CNS 979 N6023
食品罐頭檢驗法－異物之檢查 Method of Test for Canned Food-Inspection for Extraneous Matters
狀態：現行標準最新日期：085/12/30

CNS 1161 Z5011
食品罐頭用瓦楞紙箱 Corrugated Paperboard Containers for Packing of Canned Food
狀態：現行標準最新日期：077/12/15

CNS 3347 Z6014
罐頭食品空罐內容量之測定 Determination of capacity for canned food on empty cans
狀態：現行標準最新日期：088/01/25
版本：中文版

CNS 11867 N6205
食品罐頭檢驗法－檢漏試驗 Method of Test for Canned Food-Leaking Test
狀態：現行標準最新日期：086/02/03

-------------------------------------------------------

FAO/Codex 的罐頭檢查，沒有跳罐， AOAC 沒有（AOAC Can defects），USDA 沒有 (USDA Module 16. Closures for Metal Containers)，所以，台灣 CNS 罐頭檢查，不是抄這兩個
終於查到，可能是簡化自
FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM)
https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bacteriological-analytical-manual-bam

BAM Chapter 21A: Examination of Canned Foods (引用的文件是 2001 年版，至今沒有修正)
https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-chapter-21a-examination-canned-foods

BAM Chapter 21A: Examination of Canned Foods

3.1 膨罐：我可以從空罐去敲（空罐就是倒出內容物後洗乾淨）
3.2 彈性罐：這我無法準備--只能給 CNS 標準
3.3 急跳罐：這我無法準備--只能給 CNS 標準
3.4 重凹罐：自己敲到變形
3.5.1 污罐：不難
3.5.2 銹罐：不難--滴少量鹽酸
3.6 穿孔：預計使用空罐，內部磨掉鍍錫，內部滴加鹽酸，從裡面繡到外面

罐頭真空計
產品編號：OT-A-1154
中文名稱：罐頭真空計
英文名稱：Vacuum Gauge

$2,100
https://www.shimada.com.tw/h/ProductDetail?key=7y0jp&productId=3059

Metal can defects: identification and classification

把加拿大罐頭瑕疵使用網頁翻譯，很適合給學生閱讀